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Mohammed & Charlemagne Revisited: The History of a ControversyDuring the 1920s Belgian historian Henri Pirenne came to an astonishing conclusion: the ancient classical civilization, which Rome had established throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world, was not destroyed by the Barbarians who invaded the western provinces in the fifth century, it was destroyed by the Arabs, whose conquest of the Middle East and North Africa terminated Roman civilization in those regions and cut off Europe from any further
During the 1920s Belgian historian Henri Pirenne came to an astonishing conclusion: the ancient classical civilization, which Rome had established throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world, was not destroyed by the Barbarians who invaded the western provinces in the fifth century, it was destroyed by the Arabs, whose conquest of the Middle East and North Africa terminated Roman civilization in those regions and cut off Europe from any further trading and cultural contact with the East. According to Pirenne, it was only in the mid-seventh century that the characteristic features of classical life disappeared from Europe, after which time the continent began to develop its own distinctive and somewhat primitive medieval culture. Pirenne's findings, published posthumously in his Mohammed et Charlemagne (1937), were even then highly controversial, for by the late nineteenth century many historians were moving towards a quite different conclusion: namely that the Arabs were actually a civilizing force who rekindled the light of classical learning in Europe after it had been extinguished by the Goths, Vandals and Huns in the fifth century. And because Pirenne went so diametrically against the grain of this thinking, the reception of his new thesis tended to be hostile. Paper after paper published during the 1940s and '50s strove to refute him. The most definitive rebuttal however appeared in the early 1980s. This was Mohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe, by English archaeologists Richard Hodges and David Whitehouse. These, in common with Pirenne's earlier critics, argued that classical civilization was already dead in Europe by the time of the Arab conquests, and that the Arabs arrived on the scene as civilizers rather than destroyers. Hodges and Whitehouse claimed that the latest findings of archaeology fully supported this view, and their work was highly influential. So influential indeed that over the next three decades Pirenne and his thesis was progressively sidelined, so that recent years have seen the publication of dozens of titles in the English language alone which fail even to mention his name. In Mohammed and Charlemagne Revisited historian Emmet Scott reviews the evidence put forward by Hodges and Whitehouse, as well as the more recent findings of archaeology, and comes to a rather different conclusion. For him, the evidence shows that classical civilization was not dead in Europe at the start of the seventh century, but was actually experiencing something of a revival. Populations and towns were beginning to grow again for the first time since this second century - a development apparently attributable largely to the spread of Christianity. In addition, the real centres of classical civilization, in the Middle East, were experiencing an unprecedented Golden Age at the time, with cities larger and more prosperous than ever before. Excavation has shown that these were destroyed thoroughly and completely by the Arab conquests, with many never again reoccupied. And it was precisely then, says Scott, that Europe's classical culture also disappeared, with the abandonment of the undefended lowland villas and farms of the Roman period and a retreat to fortified hilltop settlements; the first medieval castles. For Scott, archaeology demonstrated that the Arabs did indeed blockade the Mediterranean through piracy and slave-raiding, precisely as Pirenne had claimed, and he argues that the disappearance of papyrus from Europe was an infallible proof of this. Whatever classical learning survived after this time, says Scott, was due almost entirely to the efforts of Christian monks. The Pirenne thesis has taken on a new significance in the post 9/11 world. Scott's take on the theory will certainly ignite further and perhaps heated debate.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: World Encounter Institute/New English Review
Published: 01/15/2012
ISBN: 9780578094182
Pages: 272
Weight: 0.89lbs
Size: 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.61d
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4.3 ★★★★★
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★★★★★ 5
A good read
Format: Kindle
A good read, just fluffy cuteness, no antagonism. I like all the characters. It could have used another round of editing however, glanfds being one error that cracked me up, and my personal pet peeve was that the author kept using the word fill instead of feel, which I promise you are not interchangeable haha, but it's definitely better than the majority of books I read on here mistake-wise.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 28, 2024
★★★★★ 4
amazing
Format: Kindle
Knot the Bride was a fantastic read! The characters were all amazing and well-developed. It was easy to like them all. Sophia, Luca, Nick, and Gavin were all perfect for each other. It was such a charming story that had me hooked the entire time. I did wish there were POVs from Luca, Nick, and Gavin but it was still an amazing book without it.
I am excited to read the next book in the Willowside Omegaverse series! This is definitely a must-read for fans of omegaverse romance!.
I received a free copy of this book and am voluntarily leaving a review.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 25, 2025
★★★★★ 3
3 Star Read,
Format: Kindle
This book wasn't bad, but wasn't my cup of tea. It's highly disappointing because the storyline is so original. There is no real conflict or resolution, so the entire thing feels flat.
As a lover of omegaverse books, I know there is a ton of variety out there, and ov is really up to the author. But this one is weird. Omegas have multiple scent glands all over their bodies and go into week long heats every month. Alphas have knots in the middle of their shaft instead of the base, and the knot doesn't always swell, no explanation of when or why. It doesn't engage at all when the mouth is in play.
I also didn't enjoy the author's writing style. Each paragraph is only 1 or 2 sentences long, and the entire book reads very stacato. The conversations are stiff and unnatural feeling. Everything is very repetitive, both in word choice and in thought. The same thing is repeated 3 or 4 times over a single page, multiple times over. I ended up doing so much skimming.
The first 50% of the book is all slow burn, and the last 50% is almost straight mediocre spice. This wouldn't have been all bad if the grammar and spelling errors didn't start at the exact same time. Tongue is repeatedly misspelled in the middle of the spice.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 14, 2024
★★★★★ 5
Cozy Omegaverse
Format: Kindle
This is the true definition of Cozy Omegaverse. LA wedding coordinator meets her pack at the location for a couple’s destination wedding. Low angst because they are scent matched high heat with heats and knots. Everything you love about this genre with very little anxiety. Simply a fun experience to read and a book I will comeback to when I’m in a slump. I simply love reading this book
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Reviewed in the United States on March 19, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Cute Omegaverse story
Format: Kindle
3.75 stars and 2 for spice. Adorable Omegaverse story about a wedding planner who has to go to a small town to plan a wedding for a movie star. While there, she meets her pack. This covers her struggles of not living there but trying to keep her relationship going with her 3 Alphas.
It's a quick read and cute, so I recommend it for people who like light-hearted RH stories.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 31, 2025