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Description
Rat pf1 ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Required experimental equipment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipettes and pipette tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37C incubator 4. Distilled or deionized water Sample preparation and requirements: Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre chilled PBS (0. 01M, pH 7. 4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh and
Product Specification
| Usage | Required experimental equipment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipettes and pipette tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37°C incubator 4. Distilled or deionized water Sample preparation and requirements: Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh and mince the tissue. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1g of tissue sample to 9mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000×g for 5-10 minutes, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with pre-chilled PBS, then trypsinize and collect the cells by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash the collected cells three times with pre-chilled PBS and resuspend in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freezing and thawing or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Cell Culture Supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes. Collect the supernatant for analysis, or store at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 10 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, 0.15625 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each. Pipette 500uL of the 10ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 5ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit utilizes a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with perforin 1 (pf1) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB is converted to blue by peroxidase (HRP) catalysis and to yellow by acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of perforin 1 (pf1) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Rat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Rat Perforin 1 ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Perforin-1 is a protein encoded by the PRF1 gene. Perforin is a pore-forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells). During degranulation, perforin molecules are transferred to target cells with the help of calmodulin, a chaperone protein that protects perforin from degradation. Perforin then binds to the target cell's plasma membrane via membrane phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine binds to calcium ions, increasing perforin's affinity for the membrane. The resulting pores allow a family of pro-apoptotic proteases, known as granzymes, to passively diffuse into the target cell. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.15-10 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants, and other biological fluids |
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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 65 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 4
Great mouse, but not a huge leap from previous MX Masters
Color: Pale Gray, Pattern Name: Mouse
I’ve used pretty much every mouse in the MX Master series over the years, so I had a good idea of what to expect going into this—and overall, it’s still a really solid mouse.
The ergonomics are excellent, just like the previous versions. It fits the hand really naturally and is comfortable for long work sessions. That’s honestly one of the biggest reasons I keep coming back to this lineup.
The scroll wheel is still a standout feature. The ultra-fast scrolling is incredibly smooth and makes a big difference when you’re going through long documents or web pages. Switching between free spin and precision scrolling works flawlessly.
Build quality is top-notch as expected. Everything feels premium, from the materials to the button clicks. No complaints there at all.
That said, if you’ve already used previous MX Master models, this doesn’t feel like a major upgrade. It’s more of a refinement than anything new or groundbreaking. It does everything well—but it doesn’t necessarily wow you if you’re coming from something like the MX Master 3 or 3S.
Overall, still a great mouse and easy to recommend—especially if you’re new to the MX Master series. But if you already have a recent model, just know this is more of an incremental improvement than a big jump.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 7, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Quality materials, great mouse
Color: Graphite, Pattern Name: Mouse
I have gone through many mice looking for one that feels 'just right'. This is it. The shape is perfect for my hand, the haptic feedback is nice, if not very useful to me, and the smoothness with which it moves across my pad is well worth the price alone. Nicely configurable in the Logi app.
One note - It's fine for me, but this is a very large mouse.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 4, 2026
★★★★★ 5
One Mouse to Bind Them, in the Long Hours of the Desk
Color: Graphite, Pattern Name: Mouse
It was the winter of the endless scroll, when the days in River Grove stretched thin and pale as old parchment and the light from the monitor became the only sun we knew, that my old mouse—poor, faithful thing—began its slow betrayal. Clicks faltered like the last breath of a dying Rohirrim steed; the wheel spun loose and reckless, sending spreadsheets cascading into chaos as though the very order of Middle-earth had unraveled; the cursor wandered with the aimless grief of a man who has lost his king. I sat there in the dim room above the garage, wrist aching like the shoulder that once bore the weight of Andúril, staring at the screen while deadlines crept closer, silent and inexorable as the shadow over Mordor.
Then the Logitech MX Master 4 arrived, graphite-dark as the armor of Isildur’s line, shaped not for haste but for endurance, its curves rising like the hills of the Shire remade for the hand of a weary scribe. I took it up and felt the weight settle—not heavy, but certain, as though the mouse itself understood the gravity of long labor. The MagSpeed wheel turned under my thumb with the smooth inevitability of the Anduin in flood, ultra-fast when the document must race to its end, precise when a single pixel demanded mercy. The haptic feedback thrummed beneath my fingers like the deep pulse of the earth when the Ents march—subtle, insistent, alive. Every scroll, every gesture carried the quiet authority of a thing forged to outlast lesser tools.
It paired without ceremony—Bluetooth to the laptop, Logi Bolt to the desktop—crossing between machines as swiftly as the Eagles bore Gandalf from the tower, no fumbling, no oaths sworn in frustration. The side buttons waited like loyal vassals: one to summon the hidden application switcher, another to gesture across screens as though drawing maps of realms unseen. The gesture button itself became my quiet command—thumb pressed, fingers sweeping, and windows arranged themselves in obedient array, the way the hosts of the West might have arrayed themselves upon the Pelennor Fields. And when the battery whispered low, the USB-C cord drank from the wall like a pilgrim at the fountains of Imladris, three hours of life from a single minute’s charge.
I have worked with it now through the gray mornings when the snow muffled every sound outside, through the late nights when the house slept and only the cursor moved, through the sudden urgent revisions that once would have left me cursing the heavens. It does not slip. It does not tire. It endures, as the light of Eärendil endures above the storm, a small fierce companion against the gathering hours.
If your days are measured in documents and deadlines, in the slow turning of wheels both literal and metaphorical, take this MX Master 4. It is not mere plastic and circuit; it is covenant between hand and machine, a shield against the tedium of the long watch, the fellowship your desk has hungered for in its quiet exile.
Ten stars out of five, though the heavens ration light to fewer. I would carry it into the Cracks of Doom itself and fear no misclick.
🖱️🧙♂️📜🌑
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Reviewed in the United States on February 15, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Almost Perfect
Color: Graphite, Pattern Name: Mouse
If you are looking for a quiet mouse, this is it. I was skeptical about the "ergonomics" but find that it is much more comfortable for me than the more traditional design for left and right clicking. Simple moving seems fine but its weight is a bit excessive for lifting for repositioning in tight spaces. It is difficult to lift without activating the button on the haptic pad, even set to require firm pressure. A bit more contour on the right would solve this nicely to allow lifting the mouse without repositioning your hand.
The forward and back buttons may be a bit awkward for some people. I'm slowly adjusting. Actually, each mouse I've owned needed a bit of getting used to. Side scrolling doesn't always work as it seems it would. Frequently, it scrolls vertically like the "normal" scroll wheel depending on the program.
Haptic feedback is not a commonly used feature yet, however, Windows will be slowly adding haptic features to later updates from what I've read. I keep the setting on the lowest haptic feedback level and for what it functions on so far seems natural and not intrusive.
There are many adjustments and customizations, too many to go into since I haven't played around with most. So far, even with what may seem like a lot of negative thoughts, I love this mouse. It would be five stars if lifting to repositioning in tight spaces was easier.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 14, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Dependable, Reliable
Size: 1 Pack, Style: USB Receiver, Color: Swift Grey, Size: 1 Pack, Style: USB Receiver, Color: Swift Grey
As advertised. Logitech, best mouse for your hard-earned cheddar!
It’s not that the (years) old Logitech mouse failed in any operational way, it just got that gummy, sticky surface texture that’s impossible to remove. While shopping for a replacement I noticed an off-brand mouse/keyboard combo and thought, “hey, 2 for 1”…mistake. All was well for about three weeks, long enough that when the gremlins arrived I didn’t immediately associate the new hardware. For the purposes of this discussion, gentle reader, know that I run legacy (what I affectionately refer to as, “Lazarus”) builds. Rigs that started life running Windows Vista/7, died, and that now, resurrected, run 10 and 11, and all that that implies. So, when a mouse started stuttering, of course I thought it was a gremlin in the machine, right? I spent more days than I am comfortable sharing with you pouring over processes and background apps, and registry trims…before Accam’s Razor suggested I eliminate the mouse as a variable. Changing the battery was ineffective, but when I swapped in the ooold Logitech…Yahtzee/Bingo/Booyah…smooth and precise…butter! All I needed was a new Logitech mouse.
So, if you’re here you likely are having mouse issues of your own, or you just need one that works…this is it!
😉
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Reviewed in the United States on May 13, 2026